Atlanta CSX Freight Rail Cut-and-Cover Proposal

Improving Atlanta traffic, connecting communities and creating green jobs

With the transition to a new TRANSFLO facility at Hulsey Yard, CSX will no longer need the entire yard. The four surrounding neighborhood associations have requested 3 new crossing at Hulsey Yard. A new infrastructure plan that moves freight rail below Krog Tunnel could create a well connected, walkable community between Cabbagetown and Inman Park, while significantly improving travel times and safety along the DeKalb Ave train corridor.

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Looking west - Hulsey Yard Master Plan from 4 surrounding communities. Existing elevated MARTA line is along DeKalb. - Rendering by Lord Aeck Sargent


CSX Cut-and-Cover from Downtown to Decatur - A 1% rail incline could start downtown at The Gulch to move the CSX freight rail lines underground into 50 foot deep cut-and-cover trenches. From the east side of the 75/85 freeway, trucks and through-traffic could enter the trench above the rail route. At Hulsey Yard, the covered route could split into two narrower trenches to allow for tree canopy above. To accomodate the lowered rail level, the freeway and the Decatur Street overpass could be raised where the dip in the freeway currently occurs (see freeway exit rendering). East-bound car lanes and two-way shuttle/bike lanes could be located above the covered trenches on the south side of the MARTA line.

Trucks and autonomous vehicles could travel below the surface over freight rail in a cut-and-cover trench. A turn-in from I75/I85 could eliminate truck traffic on Boulevard. A trench exit by the Edgewood Retail District could eliminate trucks on Edgewood.

From a post by an area train conductor: If Norfolk Southern, CSX and Amtrak share their rails, then trains from the south (C of Ga NS and A&WP CSX) could also access Hulsey as one downtown station. "The new connection at Howell from southbound NS track 1 (present track Amtrak uses) to CSX could eliminate the freight train delays to the Crescent. That might give CSX and NS an incentive to follow this possibility. Connections have been severed at Howell and would need restoring to access NS (SOU) tracks both ways."

A portion of the CSX TRANSFLO facility could reside below the side spur in a covered workarea with parking located under the Beltline rail route depicted below. The historic roundhouse location area below could be an excellent location for a future Amtrak train station constructed of mass timber.


Sketch by Lord Aeck Sargent from Hulsey Yard Master Plan illustrating a large park and adjacent development similar to the "Roundhousee Park" framework plan. This "birds eye" view over Reynoldstown (foreground) looks north toward Inman Park.




Narrow trenches in Vancouver allow for tree canopy
and roadways over cut-and-cover freight rail routes.


Top-Down Construction

          Rail System Cut-and-Cover

Reenvisioning Atlanta's Rail Corridors

Narrow trenches could be used to move CSX freight trains underground from Downtown Atlanta to Decatur to improve multimodal traffic flow while creating walkable street frontages on the south side of MARTA. Similar undergrounding from Downtown to McDonough Ave could include the creation of a new town center by repurposing the Historic Federal Prison to usher forth a renaissance in South Atlanta.

Initial trench work at the 70-acre Hulsey Yard could occur on the south side of the yard to avoid disrupting train traffic during construction. Narrow train trenches would allow for canopy tree coverage of roads and paths above. The trench height could range from 42 to 55 feet, with the lower 30 feet for freight rail and the upper 20 feet for car overpasses and truck routes below the surface area (at the level of Krog Tunnel). Cars could thereby enter below-ground parking without disrupting shuttles, bikes, and local shoppers traveling east-west above.

Olmstead's Urban Parkway design as inspiration for designing Complete Urban Streets

Organizing the complexity of transit modes using Olmstead's 3-roadway design, which is today referred to as a multi-way boulevard. Side roadways are traffic-calmed, suitable for bikes. The return of "Prominading" - being seen on the street in large gatherings. MacDonald, Elizabeth (2014) “Pleasure Drives and Promenades: The Olmsted Parkway Idea as Inspiration for Today’s Complete Streets”, 34-minute video from GT 2014-06-02 Olmsted Symposium


Existing east-west MARTA route depicted in rendering above.

A portion of Dekalb could be elevated to provide a seamless streetscape over underground freight.



The freight rail bridge at the I75/I85 freeway could be replaced with a rail tunnel, while raising the current dip in the freeway. The Decatur Street freeway bridge could be raised and additional connecting bridges (or a freeway cap) could be added for bikes, shuttles and cars once the freight rail and truck routes are moved into narrow trenches.

With this approach, Krog Tunnel would have a traffic light in the middle of the tunnel. Graffiti artists could paint a portion of the truck tunnel to make up for lost painting space at the intersection within the tunnel. Similar covered intersections would occur at Hill Street and Grant Street. Boulevard would go over the top of the yard.

The existing freeway entrance ramp from MLK could include an entrance to the covered truck route which would descend to the right. A north-bound freeway access route (pink above) could travel over the truck route to a freeway access ramp on the north side of Decatur Street. Long-term, a northbound truck route could use a 200 meter tunnel from the covered trench to the freeway. Short-term, westbound trucks could exit the covered trench route at Hill Street to access the northbound Decatur Street ramp.


Avoiding a Long Trench for Beltline Rail adjacent to Krog Tunnel
By elevating one lane of DeKalb Ave at Krog Tunnel, the Beltline rail could go under the existing CSX rail in the short-term without using a deep tunnel under DeKalb Avenue. The Beltline could continue straight under a new rail bridge, then curve upward to the left to emerge in the middle of the yard. This approach would would avoid the steep incline that would occur if the Beltline route went under DeKalb avenue, as is currently planned. Another option would be for CSX to shift their train traffic to the south tracks to make room for a new underpass west of Krog Tunnel. Both approaches would eliminate the bottleneck at Krog Tunnel.


Looking east toward Krog Tunnel - An elevated eastbound lane could be level with a future Husley Yard streetscape. The eastbound lane could eventually reside on the south side of the elevated Marta rail once the CSX rail is moved into a cut-and-cover trench.


The eastbound middle lane (light blue above) could provide a right-turn lane into Cabbagetown under the elevated lane. A speed-absorbing barrier could be used to protect pedestrians (red dots above). Local eastbound traffic could continue around the incline-island to access northbound Krog Street.

Ideally the east-west bike path would be separate from both the Beltline sidewalk and Cabbagetown roadway. Illustrator file


Three at-grade crossing and Beltline underpass. Expand view  Sources: Hulsey Master Plan and Curbed

Results from 2019 pop-up studio community survey provided by the Lord Aeck Sargent:






• New north-south through street connecting Delta Place to Chester Avenue
• New north-south through street connecting Waddell Street to Pearl Street
• New north-south street connecting new development to Dekalb Avenue (near Bradley Street on the western portion of the site)

Elevated DeKalb Through-Way Concept

Prepared by Loren Heyns, Oct 2019

The south two lanes of DeKalb Ave at Krog Tunnel (left side below) could be elevated for a couple blocks to allow through-traffic to go over the Beltline rail, without digging a deep north-south Beltline trench.


Phase 1: Raising two lanes of DeKalb Ave at Krog Tunnel

The Beltline would travel under the current CSX rail west of Krog Tunnel. A lower, local route the existing street level would be accessible from Krog Street. A new vehicle and bike route would reside adjacent to the Beltline. A new traffic light would be added at the local Beltline crossing. The two-way lower street would turn into one-way west of the Beltline to merge with the through-way. (Image above)

An incline would start under the elevated south two lanes of DeKalb Ave to go under the existing CSX rail. After passing under the CSX rail, the Beltline would climb a hill and turn east to go over Krog Tunnel. Southbound car and bike traffic into Cabbagetown would use the same trench, but the west side of the trench would connect straight into Cabbagetown rather than going up the hill.

The northeast side of Krog tunnel would have an eastbound access route that merges with the elevated DeKab through-way as it returns to the existing street level. The elevated DeKalb Through Way would be 20" away from Krog Tunnel, so the historic signage area would be visible from above and below.

Phase 2: Lowering CSX Rail 50 Feet

The rail would run under Krog Tunnel and the 75/85 freeway. No changes would be needed to the routes described above when lowering the CSX Rail to create a new pedestrian-focused streetscape from Downtown to Decatur.

Beltline trench alignment - 2016 by Klaus Roesch

Rubber and composite rail ties reduce vibration. The 50 year lifespan of infinitely-recyclable railroad ties made from car tires and hard-to-recycle plastics avoids the burning of toxic creosote-treated ties. Neighbors could also request mining of any available granite beneath the yard using a quiet product like Crackem or Expando. The extraction and sale of deep granite could provide a space for dirt storage during trench work, and water/material storage longer term.

Hulsey Yard Master Plan - Neighborhood Recommendations (PDF)

Glenwood Complete Streets - Ramp and light additions for bike crossing at the Boulevard Exit

Grant Park Gateway - Evolution of the Parking Deck at Zoo Atlanta

Grant Park Family-Friendly Bikeways - Pathway Proposal for Southeast Corner of Grant Park



Hulsey Yard
Critical Mass "In the Yard"

Local residents are driving the effort for bikeways and park space, high density residential and improved travel times throughout the corridor.

Too wide
Limit to 2-Lanes for canopy

Narrow trenches allow for tree canopy,
unlike this wide trench in Los Angeles.

Tilford Yard

Located northwest of Atlanta, Tilford Yard will
also be transformed in the years ahead.

Continue to Hulsey Master Plan